![]() In the second half of the 19th century (and ultimately in the First World War), it would be international conflict that would determine the where the new frontiers of Europe would be drawn. The final important factor of change was war. The Ottoman, Austrian and Russian empires resisted the change with more or less success throughout the 19th century. The second emerged in the consciousness of these new classes as a new form of 'national' identity that sought to create independent nations - made of citizens bound by liberal constitutions - free from the domination of giant multi-ethnic empires. The creation of new social classes undermined the stability of political systems that were still based on an archaic land ownership (feudalism). The first we have already examined was the Industrial Revolution which resulted in a social transformation of Europe. ![]() There were three important interrelated reasons for this change. ![]() The political map of Europe was transformed during the course of the 19th century.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |